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The pipes are made by master carver Massimiliano Rimensi, who works in Occhiobello (Rovigo), Italy. Grades run from lowest to highest: Nobile (rustic), Barone (sandblasted), Cavaliere (smooth), Conte, and Duca. Within each grade, the number of Ds in the stamp (one to three) indicates the pipe's value, with DDD marking the top rank.